Role of Mast Cells in Inflammation of the Brain and Autism Spectrum Disorder Professor Theoharides

Dr. Theoharis C. Theoharides discusses the role of mast cells in brain inflammation and their potential involvement in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The lecture explores how perinatal brain inflammation, particularly in the amygdala and hippocampus, can disrupt neuronal connectivity and lead to a chronic 'fight or flight' mode. This inflammation may arise from mast cell activation, which can breach the blood-brain barrier and activate microglia, key players in neuronal connectivity disruption. Epidemiological studies suggest a strong association between ASD and conditions like asthma and atopic dermatitis, which involve mast cell activation. The talk also touches upon diagnostic challenges, the role of environmental and stress-related triggers, and potential treatment approaches using compounds like luteolin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory properties. Dr. Theoharides highlights the need to understand the balance of inflammation, particularly in the context of ASD and other conditions where mast cell and immune system interactions play a critical role.