Mast Cell Activation Disorders

In this insightful presentation, Dr. Anne Maitland discusses Mast Cell Activation Disorders (MCAD), with a focus on how these disorders can manifest in multiple organ systems, leading to various symptoms such as gastrointestinal distress, neurocognitive issues, and skin problems. She explains the criteria for diagnosing Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS)—recurrent multisystem symptoms, increased mast cell mediators, and symptom improvement after treatment with mast cell stabilizers. Maitland emphasizes the importance of understanding different triggers causing mast cells to become dysregulated, which is crucial for effective management. The presentation outlines the role of mast cells in tissue inflammation, hypersensitivity, and autoimmune disorders, with a notable connection to conditions like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Methods for diagnosing these conditions include serum tryptase and histamine measurements, biopsy staining for mast cell presence and activation, and exploring patient history for potential underlying triggers. Treatments discussed involve antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and addressing any comorbid conditions that might incite mast cell activity.